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Sometimes you just know that something is not quite right with your guitar. This can be in the way it feels or the way it sounds. If your guitar doesn’t sound quite right, it can really put your playing off. If your guitar sounds a bit out of tune when you play it then it is a good idea to do a few tests to see what the problem might be. Checking your guitar intonation is one of the tests you can do. Intonation problems are one of the main reasons that a guitar may still sound a little out of tune after you have actually tuned it up correctly.
The first thing you need to do when checking your guitar intonation is to find out if the intonation of your guitar is set up correctly or not. You may have a suspicion that things are not quite right. For example, if you find that chords played in different positions on the neck don’t sound right. Another sign of poor intonation is when the guitar seems out of tune on some strings after you have tuned it up correctly and you constantly get the urge to retune the instrument. Usually the open chords will sound just fine after tuning, but those further up the neck will just not sound right.
A quick check is to play a D open chord, that is tuned to sound correct in the open position, and then to move it down to the 12th fret position and play it again. Make sure that you fret the chords at the 12th fret carefully. If you press the strings too hard or bend the strings slightly up or down you will find that it will sound bad anyway. The open strings in the chords should remain when you play them in both positions. These chords should sound in tune when played in both positions. You can try the same thing with open A and open E chords. It is best to use chords that cover all of the strings as it may only be one string that is actually causing the problem. If you find that the chords don’t sound in tune in the different positions, after checking your guitar intonation, then you should investigate the possible causes.
There can be a number of reasons for intonation to sound incorrect. You should investigate the simpler ones first. Old worn strings will never give good intonation due to the wear causing irregular wave formation down the length of the string. As a result the first thing you should do is change these and test the intonation again. Likewise, if your strings are dirty the intonation may sound out. You should make sure that you clean the strings and check once again. If cleaning doesn’t work then check for corrosion on the strings caused by sweat building up during playing. If in doubt always change the strings and see if the problem is cured. Sometimes, the guitar strings will just go out of tune very quickly and this should be eliminated as a possible cause as well. To do this tune your guitar, play it for a while and then check the tuning once again. If your guitar goes out of tune quickly then you should try and cure this first.
If after trying all these solutions the guitar still has intonation problems, you will have to adjust the bridge of the guitar to reset the individual string intonations. This is a relatively easy job on an electric guitar, but for acoustic guitars it is a bit more hit and miss.
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